Libembroidery v0.1 Manual

What is libembroidery ?

libembroidery is the underlying library that is used by Embroidermodder 2 and is developed by the Embroidermodder team. It handles over 45 different embroidery specific formats as well as several non-embroidery specific vector formats.

It also includes a CLI called embroider that allows for better automation of changes to embroidery files and will be more up-to date than the Embroidermodder 2 GUI.

Finally there are some shell tools in embtools.sh/embtools.bat to help with calls to ImageMagick and other programs that can help produce new embroidery machine files.

Libembroidery is distributed under the permissive zlib licence, see the LICENSE file.

If you want to find a simple fix to contribute see the To Do section of the manual.

Build

libembroidery and EmbroiderModder 2 use CMake builds so if you are building the project to use as a library we recommend you run:

Linux or MacOS

git clone https://github.com/Embroidermodder/libembroidery
cd libembroidery
./embtools.sh build

Windows (or any system without Bash)

(IN DEVELOPMENT)

git clone https://github.com/Embroidermodder/libembroidery
cd libembroidery
embtools.bat build

These builds both the static and shared versions of the library as well as the command line program embroider.

Usage

For basic use, we recommend you build as above then run:

./embroider

which will print out this advice on how to use these tools without digging straight into the rest of this manual.

EMBROIDER
    A command line program for machine embroidery.
    Copyright 2013-2021 The Embroidermodder Team
    Licensed under the terms of the zlib license.

    https://github.com/Embroidermodder/libembroidery
    https://embroidermodder.org

Usage: embroider [OPTIONS] fileToRead...

Conversion:
-t, -to         Convert all files given to the format specified
                by the arguments to the flag, for example:
                    $ embroider -t dst input.pes
                would convert \"input.pes\" to \"input.dst\"
                in the same directory the program runs in.

                The accepted input formats are (TO BE DETERMINED).
                The accepted output formats are (TO BE DETERMINED).

Output:
-h, -help       Print this message.
-f, -format     Print help on the formats that
                embroider can deal with.
-q, -quiet      Only print fatal errors.
-V, -verbose    Print everything that has reporting.
-v, -version    Print the version.

Graphics:
-c, -circle     Add a circle defined by the arguments
                given to the current pattern.
-e, -ellipse    Add a circle defined by the arguments
                given to the current pattern.
-l, -line       Add a line defined by the arguments
                given to the current pattern.
-P, -polyline   Add a polyline.
-p, -polygon    Add a polygon.
-s, -satin      Fill the current geometry with satin
                stitches according
                to the defined algorithm.
-S, -stitch     Add a stitch defined by the arguments
                given to the current pattern.

Quality Assurance:
    -test       Run the test suite.

For each of the flags described here we will go into greater detail in this manual.

Abstract

The Embroidermodder 2 project is a collection of small software utilities for manipulating, converting and creating embroidery files in all major embroidery machine formats. The program Embroidermodder 2 itself is a larger graphical user interface (GUI) which is at the heart of the project.

This manual, the website (embroidermodder.org), mobile embroidery format viewers and tools (iMobileViewer, MobileViewer), the core library of functions (libembroidery) and CLI (embroider) are all tools to make the standard user experience of working with an embroidery machine better without expensive software which is locked to specific manufacturers and formats. But ultimately we hope that the core Embroidermodder 2 is a practical, ever-present tool in larger workshops, small cottage industry workshops and personal hobbyist’s bedrooms.

Embroidermodder 2 is licensed under the zlib license and we aim to keep all of our tools open source and free of charge. If you would like to support the project check out our Open Collective group. If you would like to help, please join us on GitHub. This document is written as developer training as well helping new users (see the last sections) so this is the place to learn how to start changing the code.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

The code is licenced under the terms of the zlib license and will be quoted in this document.

The Embroidermodder Team

Credits for Embroidermodder 2, libembroidery and all other related code

Please note that this file in not in alphabetical order. If you have contributed and wish to be added to this list, create a new credit section and increment the number. Fill it in with your information and submit it to us.

Here is a summary of the values used:

Name: The full name of the contributor starting with first name.
GitHub: The GitHub account name of the contributor (in parentheses).
CoreDeveloper: This is reserved for long term contributors.
Documentation: If you have contributed changes to README files or help files, set this to true.
Artwork: If you have contributed artwork or related changes, set this to true
BugFixes: If you have contributed bug fixes or added new features, set this to true.
Translation: If you have provided language translations, set this to true.
Designs: If you have contributed an embroidery design sample, set this to true.
Bindings: If you have contributed programming language bindings for libembroidery, set this to true.
Commands: If you have contributed a command for Embroidermodder 2, set this to true.

Credits

Jonathan Greig (redteam316) CoreDeveloper, Artwork, Documentation, Designs, Commands
Josh Varga (JoshVarga) CoreDeveloper
Jens Diemer (jedie) Documentation
Kim Howard (turbokim) BugFixes
Martin Schneider (craftoid) Documentation
Edward Greig (Metallicow) Artwork, BugFixes, Commands
Sonia Entzinger Translation
SushiTee (SushiTee) BugFixes
Vathonie Lufh (x2nie) BugFixes, Bindings
Nina Paley Designs
Theodore Gray Designs
Jens-Wolfhard Schicke-Uffmann (Drahflow) BugFixes
Emmett Lauren Garlitz - Some Little Sandy Rd, Elkview, West by GOD Virginia ()
Robin Swift (robin-swift) CoreDeveloper, Documentation

Introduction

libembroidery aims to be a low-level library for reading, writing, and programmatically manipulating digital embroidery files, available to in many different programming languages.

Currently, libembroidery is the underlying library that is used by Embroidermodder 2 and is developed by the Embroidermodder team. It handles over 45 different embroidery specific formats as well as several non-embroidery specific vector formats.

It also includes a CLI called embroider that allows for better automation of changes to embroidery files and will be more up-to date than the Embroidermodder 2 GUI.

Build

libembroidery and EmbroiderModder 2 use CMake builds so if you are building the project to use as a library we recommend:

Generic System with Bash

git clone https://github.com/Embroidermodder/libembroidery
cd libembroidery
embtools.sh build

Windows

git clone https://github.com/Embroidermodder/libembroidery
cd libembroidery
embtools.bat build

This builds both the static and shared versions of the library as well as the command line program embroider.

License

Libembroidery is distributed under the permissive zlib licence, see the LICENSE file.

This documentation (that is, just this file) is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License v1.3, see .

Coding Standards

A basic set of guidelines to use when submitting code.

Naming Conventions

Name variables and functions intelligently to minimize the need for comments.
It should be immediately obvious what information it represents.
Short names such as x and y are fine when referring to coordinates.
Short names such as i and j are fine when doing loops.
Variable names should be “camelCase”, starting with a lowercase word followed by uppercase word(s).
C++ Class Names should be “CamelCase”, using all uppercase word(s).
C Functions that attempt to simulate namespacing, should be “nameSpace_camelCase”.
All files and directories shall be lowercase and contain no spaces.
Tabs should not be used when indenting. Setup your IDE or text editor to use 4 spaces.

Braces

For functions: please put each brace on a new line.

void function_definition(int argument)
{

}

For control statements: please put the first brace on the same line.

if (condition) {

}

Use exceptions sparingly.

Do not use ternary operator (?:) in place of if/else.

Do not repeat a variable name that already occurs in an outer scope.

Comments

When writing code, sometimes there are items that we know can be improved, incomplete or need special clarification. In these cases, use the types of comments shown below. They are pretty standard and are highlighted by many editors to make reviewing code easier. We also use shell scripts to parse the code to find all of these occurrences so someone wanting to go on a bug hunt will be able to easily see which areas of the code need more love.

libembroidery is written in C and adheres to C89 standards. This means that any C99 or C++ comments will show up as errors when compiling with gcc. In any C code, you must use:

/* C Style Comments */
/* TODO: This code clearly needs more work or further review. */
/* BUG: This code is definitely wrong. It needs fixed. */
/* HACK: This code shouldn't be written this way or I don't feel right about it. There may a better solution */
/* WARNING: Think twice (or more times) before changing this code. I put this here for a good reason. */
/* NOTE: This comment is much more important than lesser comments. */

We advise you also use these style of comments in C++ code in Embroidermodder 2 as well for consistency.

Wrapper Functions

Formats

Toyota Embroidery Format (.100)

Stitch Only Format.
Uses an external color file.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

The stitch encoding is in 4 byte chunks.

Toyota Embroidery Format (.10o)

Stitch Only Format.
Uses an external color file.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

The stitch encoding is in 3 byte chunks.

Bernina Embroidery Format (.art)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

We don’t know much about this format. TODO: Find a source. ## Bitmap Cache Embroidery Format (.bmc)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

We don’t know much about this format. TODO: Find a source.

Bits and Volts Embroidery Format (.bro)

Stitch Only Format.
Uses an external color file.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

The header is 256 bytes. There’s a series of unknown variables in the header.

The stitch list uses a variable length encoding which is 2 bytes for any stitch

Melco Embroidery Format (.cnd)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

We don’t know much about this format. TODO: Find a source.

Embroidery Thread Color Format (.col)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Singer Embroidery Format (.csd)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Comma Separated Values (.csv)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Barudan Embroidery Format (.dat)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Melco Embroidery Format (.dem)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Barudan Embroidery Format (.dsb)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Tajima Embroidery Format (.dst)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

.DST (Tajima) embroidery file read/write routines Format comments are thanks to [email protected] who’s notes appeared at under Tajima Format.

The header seems to contain information about the design. Seems to be ASCII text delimited by 0x0D (carriage returns). This must be in the file for most new software or hardware to consider it a good file! This is much more important than I originally believed. The header is 125 bytes in length and padded out by 0x20 to 512 bytes total. All entries in the header seem to be 2 ASCII characters followed by a colon, then it’s value trailed by a carriage return.

C memory	Description
`char LA[16+1];`	First is the ‘LA’ entry, which is the design name with no path or extension information. The blank is 16 characters in total, but the name must not be longer that 8 characters and padded out with spaces (0x20).
`char ST[7+1];`	Next is the stitch count ST, this is a 7 digit number padded by leading zeros. This is the total stitch count including color changes, jumps, nups, and special records.
`char CO[3+1];`	Next, is CO or colors, a 3 digit number padded by leading zeros. This is the number of color change records in the file.
`char POSX[5+1];`	Next is +X or the positive X extent in centimeters, a 5 digit non-decimal number padded by leading zeros.
`char NEGX[5+1];`	Following is the -X or the negative X extent in millimeters, a 5 digit non-decimal number padded by leading zeros.
`char POSY[5+1];`	Again, the +Y extents.
`char NEGY[5+1];`	Again, the -Y extents.
`char AX[6+1]; char AY[6+1];`	AX and AY should express the relative coordinates of the last point from the start point in 0.1 mm. If the start and last points are the same, the coordinates are (0,0).
`char MX[6+1];` `char MY[6+1];`	MX and MY should express coordinates of the last point of the previous file for a multi-volume design. A multi-volume design means a design consisted of two or more files. This was used for huge designs that can not be stored in a single paper tape roll. It is not used so much (almost never) nowadays.
`char PD[9+1];`	PD is also storing some information for multi-volume design.

Uses 3 byte per stitch encoding with the format as follows:

The 3 byte encoding for the dxf format.

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Byte 0	y+1	y-1	y+9	y-9	x-9	x+9	x-1	x+1
Byte 1	y+3	y-3	y+27	y-27	x-27	x+27	x-3	x+3
Byte 2	jump	color change	y+81	y-81	x-81	x+81	set	set

T01 and Tap appear to use Tajima Ternary.

Where the stitch type is determined as:

Normal Stitch 00000011 0x03
Jump Stitch 10000011 0x83
Stop/Change Color 11000011 0xC3
End Design 11110011 0xF3

Inclusive or’ed with the last byte.

Note that:

The max stitch length is the largest sum of 1+3+9+27+81=121 where the unit length is 0.1mm so 12.1mm.
The coordinate system is right handed.

ZSK USA Embroidery Format (.dsz)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Drawing Exchange Format (.dxf)}

Graphics format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Embird Embroidery Format (.edr)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Elna Embroidery Format (.emd)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Melco Embroidery Format (.exp)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Eltac Embroidery Format (.exy)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Sierra Expanded Embroidery Format (.eys)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Smoothie G-Code Embroidery Format (.fxy)?

Fortron Embroidery Format (.fxy)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Great Notions Embroidery Format (.gnc)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Gold Thread Embroidery Format (.gt)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Husqvarna Viking Embroidery Format (.hus)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Inbro Embroidery Format (.inb)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Embroidery Color Format (.inf)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Janome Embroidery Format (.jef)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff professional Design format (.ksm)

Back

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.max)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Mitsubishi Embroidery Format (.mit)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Ameco Embroidery Format (.new)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Melco Embroidery Format (.ofm)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff PCD File Format

Back

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

The format uses a signed 3 byte-length number type.

See the description here5 for the overview of the format.

For an example of the format see11.

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcm)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcq)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcs)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write ## Brother Embroidery Format (.pec)

Back

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Brother Embroidery Format (.pel)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Brother Embroidery Format (.pem)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Brother Embroidery Format (.pes)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

struct PEShdr
{
char PESId[8];
DWORD PECOffset;
};

Brother Embroidery Format (.phb)

Back

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Brother Embroidery Format (.phc)}

Back

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

AutoCAD Embroidery Format (.plt)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

RGB Embroidery Format (.rgb)}

Color only format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Janome Embroidery Format (.sew)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Husqvarna Viking Embroidery Format (.shv)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Sunstar Embroidery Format (.sst)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Data Stitch Embroidery Format (.stx)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg)}

Graphics format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.t01)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.t09)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Happy Embroidery Format (.tap)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

ThredWorks Embroidery Format (.thr)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Text File (.txt)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Barudan Embroidery Format (.u00)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Barudan Embroidery Format (.u01)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.vip)

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.vp3)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

Singer Embroidery Format (.xxx)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

ZSK USA Embroidery Format (.zsk)}

Stitch Only Format.
Basic Read Support
Basic Write Support
Well Tested Read
Well Tested Write

On Embedded Systems

The library is designed to support embedded environments, so it can be used in CNC applications.

Compatible Boards

We recommend using an Arduino Mega 2560 or another board with equal or greater specs. That being said, we have had success using an Arduino Uno R3 but this will likely require further optimization and other improvements to ensure continued compatibility with the Uno. See below for more information.

Arduino Considerations

There are two main concerns here: Flash Storage & SRAM.

libembroidery continually outgrows the 32KB of Flash storage on the Arduino Uno and every time this occurs, a decision has to be made as to what capabilities should be included or omitted. While reading files is the main focus on arduino, writing files may also play a bigger role in the future. Long term, it would be most practical to handle the inclusion or omission of any feature via a single configuration header file that the user can modify to suit their needs.

SRAM is in extremely limited supply and it will deplete quickly so any dynamic allocation should occur early during the setup phase of the sketch and sparingly or not at all later in the sketch. To help minimize SRAM consumption on Arduino and ensure libembroidery can be used in any way the sketch creator desires, it is required that any sketch using libembroidery must implement event handlers. See the ino-event source and header files for more information.

There is also an excellent article by Bill Earl on the Adafruit Learning System which covers these topics in more depth: .

Space

Since a stitch takes 3 bytes of storage and many patterns use more than 10k stitches, we can’t assume that the pattern will fit in memory. Therefore we will need to buffer the current pattern on and off storage in small chunks. By the same reasoning, we can’t load all of one struct beore looping so we will need functions similar to binaryReadInt16 for each struct.

This means the EmbArray approach won’t work since we need to load each element and dynamic memory management is unnecessary because the arrays lie in storage.

TODO: Replace EmbArray functions with embPattern load functions.

Tables

All thread tables and large text blocks are too big to compile directly into the source code. Instead we can package the library with a data packet that is compiled from an assembly program in raw format so the specific padding can be controlled.

In the user section above we will make it clear that this file needs to be loaded on the pattern USB/SD card or the program won’t function.

TODO: Start file with a list of offsets to data with a corresponding table to load into with macro constants for each label needed.

Current Pattern Memory Management

It will be simpler to make one file per EmbArray so we keep an EmbFile* and a length, so no malloc call is necessary. So there needs to be a consistent tmpfile naming scheme.

TODO: For each pattern generate a random string of hexadecimal and append it to the filenames like . Need to check for a file which indicates that this string has been used already.

Special Notes

Due to historical reasons and to remain compatible with the Arduino 1.0 IDE, this folder must be called ``utility’’. Refer to the arduino build process for more info: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/0.19/sketch-build-process/

libembroidery relies on the Arduino SD library for reading files. See the ino-file source and header files for more information.

Experimental Projects

Anything contained within the experimental/ folder is unstable and unsupported. Items in here may eventually be moved elsewhere or may not. If you have an interesting concept or prototype that you would like us to add, contact us and we may add it here.

Dependencies

To build additional language bindings for libembroidery from source you will need at least:

Ubuntu repository packages:

sudo apt-get install swig python-dev

Mac

brew install swig

An example for building for use in C#

swig -csharp -o ./csharp/binding/swig_wrap.c -I../ swig.i

The Assembly Split

One problem to the problem of supporting both systems with abundant memory (such as a 2010s or later desktop) and with scarce memory (such as embedded systems) is that they don’t share the same assembly language. To deal with this: there will be two equivalent softwares which are hand engineered to be similar but one will be in C and the other in the assembly dialects we support.

All assembly will be intended for embedded systems only, since a slightly smaller set of features will be supported. However, we will write a x86 version since that can be tested.

That way the work that has been done to simplify the C code can be applied to the assembly versions.

Utility Functions

Avoiding the use of libc

Avoiding the use of libm

The cos and sin functions are calculated using

The arctan2 function in the source is calculated using Euler’s series for the inverse tangent:

\begin{equation}
\tan^{-1}(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{2^{2n}(n!)^{2}}{(2n+1)!} \frac{x^{2n+1}}{(1+x^{2})^{n+1}}
\end{equation}

Embroidermodder Website

https://embroidermodder.org

This is the main website and documentation hub for the Embroidermodder project.

For a list of what we’re currently working on please see to-do.md.

For specifics about the embedded systems development see embedded.md.

The documentation is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License v1.3 see LICENSE.md.

Build

To build the documentation run make. This should run no problem on a normal Unix-like environment assuming pandoc is available.

Pandoc creates the content of the page by converting the markdown to html.
Pandoc also creates the printer-friendly documentation from the same markdown.
Markdown acts as a go-between because it is easy to alter directly in the GH editor.

This way: 1. We write one set of documents for all projects. 2. The website can be simple and static, supporting machines that don’t run javascript. 3. We control the styling of each version independently of our editing (Markdown) version 4. The printer-friendly documentation can have nicely rendered fonts and well placed figures.

Features

Bindings

Bindings for libembroidery are maintained for the languages we use internally in the project, for other languages we consider that the responsibility of other teams using the library.

So libembroidery is going to be supported on:

* x86 systems as assembly (to aid writing assembly for other systems)
* avr systems as assembly (for arduino)
* arm systems as assembly (for other embedded systems)
* C (by default)
* C++ (also by default)
* Java (for the Android application MobileViewer)
* Swift (for the iOS application iMobileViewer)

For C# we recommend directly calling the function directly using the DllImport feature:

    [DllImport("libembroidery.so", EntryPoint="readCsv")]

see this StackOverflow discussion for help.

For Python you can do the same using ctypes.

To Flag

Circle Flag

Ellipse Flag

Line Flag

Polyline Flag

Polygon Flag

Satin Flag

Stitch Flag

Test Suite

Threads

Other Supported Thread Brands

The thread lists that aren’t preprogrammed into formats but are indexed in the data file for the purpose of conversion or fitting to images/graphics.

Arc Polyester
Arc Rayon
Coats and Clark Rayon
Exquisite Polyester
Fufu Polyester
Fufu Rayon
Hemingworth Polyester
Isacord Polyester
Isafil Rayon
Marathon Polyester
Marathon Rayon
Madeira Polyester
Madeira Rayon
Metro Polyester
Pantone
Robison Anton Polyester
Robison Anton Rayon
Sigma Polyester
Sulky Rayon
ThreadArt Rayon
ThreadArt Polyester
ThreaDelight Polyester
Z102 Isacord Polyester

Development

A right-handed coordinate system is one where up is positive and right is positive. Left-handed is up is positive, left is positive. Screens often use down is positive, right is positive, including the OpenGL standard so when switching between graphics formats and stitch formats we need to use a vertical flip (embPattern_flip).

0x20 is the space symbol, so when padding either 0 or space is preferred and in the case of space use the literal ’ ’. Use the macros:

    #define PAD_SPACE(n) \
        embFile_pad(currentFile, ' ', n)
    #define PAD_ZERO(n) \
        embFile_pad(currentFile, 0, n)

to save writing functions that may not inline.

Design Philosophy and Coding Standards

No GUI code will be present in libembroidery.
The library will be written in pedantic ANSI C/C90, aiming for no compiler warnings under GCC for compatibility with the most possible platforms.
The command line program embroider targets 32-bit and 64 bit systems that comply to POSIX or current Windows/MacOS standards. Practically, this means we only call C99 standard library functions.
Don’t use any of the C Standard Library. All interfacing should be done by linux system calls or their equivalents.
Never use dynamic memory allocation (malloc/free) all memory that would need those functions uses temporary files instead.
Share heavy memory usage between functions, for example use embBuffer for buffering headers rather than having a separate char header[] variables.

Image Fitting

A currently unsolved problem in development that warrants further research is the scenario where a user wants to feed embroider an image that can then be .

Finding fixes

To find jobs marked within the source code rather than the list above, use:

    grep "TODO" *.c *.h

Testing

Build embroider then run:

    ./embroider -test &> report.txt

If any of the tests return a fail in the summary (see tail report.txt) then it would help the project to send us an issue attaching the file to your message along with a description of the system you ran the program on.

To Do

We currently need help with:

Thorough descriptions of each embroidery format.
Finding resources for each of the branded thread libraries (along with a full citation for documentation).
Finding resources for each geometric algorithm used (along with a full citation for documentation).
Completing the full --full-test-suite with no segfaults and at least a clear error message (for example “not implimented yet”).
Identifying “best guesses” for filling in missing information when going from, say .csv to a late .pes version. What should the default be when the data doesn’t clarify?
Improving the written documentation.
Funding, see the Sponsor button above. We can treat this as “work” and put far more hours in with broad support in small donations from people who want specific features.

Beyond this the development targets are categories sorted into:

Basic Features
Code quality and user friendliness
embroider CLI
Documentation
GUI
electronics development

Basic features.

Incorporate ed parts of .
Interpret how to write formats that have a read mode from the source code and vice versa.
Document the specifics of the file formats here for embroidery machine specific formats. Find websites and other sources that break down the binary formats we currently don’t understand.
Find more and better documentation of the structure of the headers for the formats we do understand.

Code quality and user friendliness

Document all structs, macros and functions (will contribute directly on the web version).
Incorporate experimental code, improve support for language bindings.
Make stitch x, y into an EmbVector.

embroider CLI

Make -circle flag to add a circle to the current pattern.
Make -rect flag to add a rectangle to the current pattern.
Make -fill flag to set the current satin fill algorithm for the current geometry. (for example ``-fill crosses -circle 11,13,10’’ fills a circle with center 11mm, 13mm with radius 10mm with crosses).
Make -ellipse flag to add to ellipse to the current pattern.
Make -bezier flag to add a bezier curve to the current pattern.

Embroider pipeline

Adjectives apply to every following noun so

embroider --satin 0.3,0.6 --thickness 2 --circle 10,20,5 \
    --border 3 --disc 30,40,10 --arc 30,50,10,60 output.pes

Creates:

a circle with properties: thickness 2, satin 0.3,0.6
a disc with properties:
an arc with properties:

in that order then writes them to the output file output.pes.

Documentation

Create csv data files for thread tables.
Convert tex to markdown, make tex an output of build.bash.
Run sloccount on extern/ and . (and ) so we know the current scale of the project, aim to get this number low. Report the total as part of the documentation.
Try to get as much of the source code that we maintain into C as possible so new developers don’t need to learn multiple languages to have an effect. This bars the embedded parts of the code.

GUI

Make MobileViewer also backend to libembroidery with a Java wrapper.
Make iMobileViewer also backend to libembroidery with a Swift wrapper.
Share some of the MobileViewer and iMobileViewer layout with the main EM2. Perhaps combine those 3 into the Embroidermodder repository so there are 4 repositories total.
Convert layout data to JSON format and use cJSON for parsing.

Electronics development

Currently experimenting with Fritzing^(8), upload netlists to embroiderbot when they can run simulations using the asm in libembroidery.
Create a common assembly for data that is the same across chipsets libembrodiery_data_internal.s.
Make the defines part of embroidery.h all systems and the function list “c code only”. That way we can share some development between assembly and C versions.

Bibliography

Rudolf Technical Info http://www.achatina.de/sewing/main/TECHNICL.HTM (Accessed 25 November 2021)
Edutech format description,
KDE Liberty Description\cite{libertyTajima
The Sewing Witch PCD2FMT http://www.sewingwitch.com/sewing/bin/pcd2fmt.html (Accessed November 2021)
http://steve-jansen.github.io/guides/windows-batch-scripting/part-7-functions.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16286134/imagemagick-how-can-i-work-with-histogram-result
Fritzing https://github.com/fritzing/fritzing-app
Sahoo, P., Wilkins, C., and Yeager, J., “Threshold selection using Renyi’s entropy”, Pattern Recognition, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 71–84, 1997. doi:10.1016/S0031-3203(96)00065-9.
http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/sahoothresh/index.php (Accessed 12 Dec 2021)
FINDME

Appendix

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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Libembroidery v0.1 Manual

Table of Contents

What is libembroidery ?

Build

Linux or MacOS

Windows (or any system without Bash)

Usage

Abstract

The Embroidermodder Team

Credits

Introduction

Build

Generic System with Bash

Windows

License

Coding Standards

Naming Conventions

Braces

Comments

Wrapper Functions

Formats

Toyota Embroidery Format (.100)

Toyota Embroidery Format (.10o)

Bernina Embroidery Format (.art)

Bits and Volts Embroidery Format (.bro)

Melco Embroidery Format (.cnd)

Embroidery Thread Color Format (.col)

Singer Embroidery Format (.csd)

Comma Separated Values (.csv)}

Barudan Embroidery Format (.dat)}

Melco Embroidery Format (.dem)

Barudan Embroidery Format (.dsb)}

Tajima Embroidery Format (.dst)}

Header

ZSK USA Embroidery Format (.dsz)}

Drawing Exchange Format (.dxf)}

Embird Embroidery Format (.edr)}

Elna Embroidery Format (.emd)}

Melco Embroidery Format (.exp)}

Eltac Embroidery Format (.exy)}

Sierra Expanded Embroidery Format (.eys)}

Fortron Embroidery Format (.fxy)}

Great Notions Embroidery Format (.gnc)}

Gold Thread Embroidery Format (.gt)

Husqvarna Viking Embroidery Format (.hus)

Inbro Embroidery Format (.inb)}

Embroidery Color Format (.inf)}

Janome Embroidery Format (.jef)

Pfaff professional Design format (.ksm)

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.max)

Mitsubishi Embroidery Format (.mit)}

Ameco Embroidery Format (.new)}

Melco Embroidery Format (.ofm)}

Pfaff PCD File Format

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcm)}

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcq)}

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.pcs)}

Brother Embroidery Format (.pel)

Brother Embroidery Format (.pem)

Brother Embroidery Format (.pes)

Brother Embroidery Format (.phb)

Brother Embroidery Format (.phc)}

AutoCAD Embroidery Format (.plt)

RGB Embroidery Format (.rgb)}

Janome Embroidery Format (.sew)}

Husqvarna Viking Embroidery Format (.shv)}

Sunstar Embroidery Format (.sst)}

Data Stitch Embroidery Format (.stx)}

Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg)}

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.t01)}

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.t09)}

Happy Embroidery Format (.tap)}

ThredWorks Embroidery Format (.thr)}

Text File (.txt)

Barudan Embroidery Format (.u00)

Barudan Embroidery Format (.u01)

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.vip)

Pfaff Embroidery Format (.vp3)}

Singer Embroidery Format (.xxx)}

ZSK USA Embroidery Format (.zsk)}